When the spring sun begins to warm, not only the trees and shrubs in the garden wake up, but also insect pests, as well as phytopathogens, which under favorable conditions quickly spread throughout the entire area. Therefore, it is important to treat the garden in time for both diseases and pests.
At the end of February - beginning of March, when the trees are still dormant, but there are no more frosts during the day, look into the garden and prepare it for treatment. If there are mummified fruits left on the trees from the fall, be sure to remove them. Inspect the trees: if you see dry and cancerous branches, clutches of ringed silkworm eggs and other pests (gypsy moth, goldtail, hawthorn), remove them and burn them. Clutches of insect pest eggs and dead bark from trees are scraped off with a stiff brush onto the litter, and then destroyed.
Currant bushes often suffer from aphids and kidney mites. If sanitary pruning of berry bushes was not carried out in the fall, it should be done before the first treatment: remove dry and old branches, buds damaged by mites and curved tips of currant shoots on which aphids have settled.
If the whitewash was washed off by precipitation or you did not have time to whitewash the trees in the fall, do it in late winter or early spring, when the daytime temperature is about 5 ° C, otherwise frost cracks may appear on the trunks. During the day, the trunk and skeletal branches heat up in the sun, and in the evening, with a sharp drop in temperature, the tissues shrink and crack. And then spores of pathogens of various diseases will penetrate through the cracks.
First treatment of the garden against diseases
The first treatment of the garden is carried out approximately in the first or second ten days of March on closed buds, when the temperature at night is slightly positive, and during the day it is not less than 5 ° C. It is okay if there is snow in some places on the site and the soil does not thaw completely. It is important to have time to carry out the treatment before the buds bloom.
For spring treatment of the garden, copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, preparations based on copper oxychloride and urea (carbamide) are most often used.
Copper sulfate (copper sulfate, or copper sulfate) is the main means for spring treatment of the garden. This is a time-tested contact fungicide that helps fight scab, moniliosis, coccomycosis and various types of spotting. To treat berry bushes and young trees in early spring, use a 1-2% solution of copper sulfate; adult trees with dense bark can be treated with a 3% solution. 2-5 liters of the diluted preparation are used per plant, depending on the size of the crown.
Bordeaux mixture consists of copper sulfate and slaked lime. It effectively affects pathogenic fungi that cause diseases of fruit trees and berry bushes. Compared to pure copper sulfate, the product is better retained on the surface of plants and acts more gently, since lime neutralizes the aggressive action of copper sulfate. To treat the garden in early spring, use a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture.
Copper oxychloride-based preparations (HOM) will help to cope with scab and moniliosis of apple and pear trees, mildew and anthracnose of grapes, clasterosporium, coccomycosis, moniliosis, and leaf curl of stone fruits. The concentration of the working solution for garden treatment is 40-50 g / 10 l of water.
Urea (carbamide) is used not only as an effective nitrogen fertilizer, but also as a means of combating pests and diseases of the garden. Two weeks after treatment with the copper preparation, spray fruit trees and berry bushes with a 5% urea solution (500 g per 10 l of water).
It is permissible to mix copper sulfate with urea: 200 g of copper sulfate, 500 g of urea per 10 l of water. In this case, only one eradicating treatment of the garden can be carried out. To do this, dissolve copper sulfate in hot water and then filter. Dilute urea in a separate container, combine both solutions, add adhesive, bring the volume to 10 liters and spray the garden at a temperature of at least 5 ° C.
Garden pest control
The first garden pest control is carried out before the buds open, two weeks after disease control, at a temperature of at least 5-6 ° C. As soon as the soil begins to warm up, the apple blossom beetle, cherry tubercle, pear leaf midge, weevils, kidney moth, aphid, kidney mite and many other pests wake up after winter hibernation.
A large number of insecticides, as well as broad-spectrum insectoacaricides, can be used to treat fruit trees and berry bushes. The preparation 30 Plus, Profilaktin, Profilaktin Bio effectively work against the wintering stage of pests (scale insects, false scale insects, mites, aphids, leafhoppers, leaf rollers, moths). At the blossoming buds (in the "green cone" phase) and during the budding period, you can treat the garden with Aktara, Inta-Vir, Inta-C-M, Iskra Double Effect, Karbocin, Kinmiks, Fufanon-Nova. Insecticides and fungicides can be mixed. This is especially important if after the first treatment it rained and the copper preparation was washed away. Therefore, when treating the garden from pests in the "green cone" phase, you can repeat the treatment against diseases using the preparations Skor, Horus. It is permissible to mix Fufanon-Nova and Skor, Aktara and Horus. Each preparation must first be diluted in a separate container, and then the solutions must be combined and used immediately after mixing.
When preparing working solutions, carefully read the instructions and do not exceed the concentration of the preparations. Carry out garden treatment in calm weather, in the absence of children and animals. Wear protective clothing, a respirator and do not forget about safety measures.
A large number of insecticides, as well as broad-spectrum insectoacaricides, can be used to treat fruit trees and berry bushes. The preparation 30 Plus, Profilaktin, Profilaktin Bio effectively work against the wintering stage of pests (scale insects, false scale insects, mites, aphids, leafhoppers, leaf rollers, moths). At the blossoming buds (in the "green cone" phase) and during the budding period, you can treat the garden with Aktara, Inta-Vir, Inta-C-M, Karbocin, Kinmiks, Fufanon-Nova. Insecticides and fungicides can be mixed. This is especially important if after the first treatment it rained and the copper preparation was washed away. Therefore, when treating the garden from pests in the "green cone" phase, you can repeat the treatment against diseases using the preparations Skor, Horus. It is permissible to mix Fufanon-Nova and Skor, Aktara and Horus. Each preparation must first be diluted in a separate container, and then the solutions must be combined and used immediately after mixing.
When preparing working solutions, carefully read the instructions and do not exceed the concentration of the preparations. Carry out garden treatment in calm weather, in the absence of children and animals. Wear protective clothing, a respirator and do not forget about safety measures.